Pattern copying machine



May 31, 1932. G. RYVAN PATTERN COPYING MACHINE Filed April 24, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet l Figi.

F ign QZ 11i/1% May 31, 1932. G, F RYAN 1,860,723

PATTERN COPYING MACHINE Filed April 24, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 31, 1932. G, F, RYAN 1,860,723

PATTERN COPYING MACHINE v Filed April 24'. 1931 5 sheets-sheet s 70 May 31, 1.932; G. F. RYAN 1,860,723

PATTERN COPYING MACHINE Filed April 24, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 May 31, 1932. G. F. RYAN PATTERN COPYING' MACHINE Filed April 24, 1 931 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Figll.

Patented May 3l, 1932 usaran sraras GECRGE E'. RYAN, O LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR T0 UNITED SHOE MACHINERY CORIPORATON, 'OF PATERSCN, NEVI JERSEY, A CORPORATION 0F NEW JERSEY :PATTERN COPYING MACHINE rimputation sied Apri; 24,

This invention relates to pattern copying, and especiallyto the reproduction of solid objects. The machine illustrated, which embodies the machine aspect of the invention, and by which the method of the invention may be practiced, is a last lathe of the type shown in United States Letters Patent No. 1,733,207, granted October 29,1929, on the application of Elmer H. Burke and myself.

The action of the ordinary width grader in the last lathe, in cutting a last wider than the model, drops the ball portion of the last, especially in the case of womens lasts, farther from the axis of rotation than it does the heel,

so that the bottom becomes longitudinally more convex downward as the last produced grows wider. rlhis causes the toe to be unduly elevated when the last is set on its appropriate heel on the floor, and causes a prejudil difference in appearance between i lasts of varying widths and sizes cut from the same model, which is ordinarily called a variation in toe spring.

This diliiculty was at first dealt with by cutting opposed slots in the regularly graded last and wedging one slot until the opposite one closed, thus actually bending the last into the desired shape, and forming a corrected model of that size and width. This, called hand breaking, was a very expensive, skilled operation, and its results were not uniform and were not easily reproducible with accuracy if the original work became lost. The problem has in later years'been success- Fully dealt with mechanically by providing the ordinary last lathe with a dog shifting mechanism, one form of which is shown in the patent referred to, which displaces the model (or work piece) h-eightwise of itself as the cutting proceeds along its length, thus reproducing each lamina, or differential element of the model, which is dealt with in one revolution, in a slightly displaced position relatively to its neighbors, in the block. Thus the last is automatically bent, or its toe spring corrected, while being cut.

ln the rst machines (such as the one above mentioned) which were built to produce lasts in this way the model laminae which were shifted in reproduction were all parallel, and

1931'. Serial No. 532,566.

ed, from one part of the last to another, so

that, at the ball, waist and instep, they practically coincide with the! planes in which the ball, waist and instep girth measurements are taken. These planes are oblique, and differently oblique, to the aXes of rotation of the model and block, and one advantage of this "it invention is that these measurements are taken around complete laminas, respectively, instead of embracing several laminas the relative .displacement of which causes these measurements to vary from the standard in use.

The object of the present invention is to provide a simpler method of eli'ecting the correction of the toe spring diliiculty which will secure many of the advantages of the invention `iust discussed and to provide a considerably simpler machine by which it may be practiced. This is accomplished, in cutting from the toe to the heel of a last, by beginning the drop ofthe top profile of the last, hereinafter` called the top drop, at a point considerably in advance of the point at which the drop of the bottom profile, or bottom drop, is begun; The latter advantageously begins at the bottom of the ball, and the former at a point about an inch ahead of this, at the point where the top of the last begins to curve upwardly and backwardly into the instep. Thus the point-s at the top and bottom of the last in the upwardly and forwardly sloping plane of an above-mentioned girth measurement will havebeen dropped by substantially equal amounts and the girth measurement will be substantially the same as in the uncorrected last. The drop ceases on the top of the last correspondingly earlier than on the `bottom so that when the whole dropping operation is over (at the heel breast portion) the heel will be reproduced in the regular way.

The reproduction during the dropping operation is not pantographic as regards the individual differential elements or laminae, as it has been in machines heretofore used. rThese laminas, all perpendicular to the axis of rotation, are flattened more and more at the top, from the beginning of the correction, to the ball, their bottoms remaining normal; from this point to the place Where the top drop ceases, the accumulated distortion is preserved Vand the .distorted laminae are dropped the same amount at the top and bottom. From this point to the heel breast portion the laminas are gradually restored to normal shape by dropping at the bottom, and progressively taking out the distortion that has been built up between the beginning of the corrective operation and the reproduction ofthe ball. Y

As above explained, an important Vaspect of the method of the present invention consists in reproducing a model, lamina by lamina, and `progressively distorting corresponding (that is, similarly situated) portions of a selected series of laminee. Thedistortion, as illustrated, consists .in progressive displacement of corresponding parts, only, of the peripheries of the laminas of the selected series.

The method also comprises following the procedure just described by the preservation, during the reproduction of .a succeeding series of laminae, of the distortion already accumulated, While progressively displacing such laminae, each on the preceding, in the same direction as before, this procedure being preferably followed by the progressive displacement of parts only of the peripheries of a succeeding series of laminas, these parts lying on the opposite side of the Wort from the parts first mentioned, whereby the distortion accumulated is progressively removed. c

This method effect-s a progressive shift in the position of a part of the profile-lines on opposite sides of a Work piece, such shift beginning and ending earlier on one side than on the other.

The above-described method njiay be prac-- ticed by the machine illustrated herein, which embodies the machine aspects of the invention. This machine iS provided with a mechanism for automatically shifting the model holding and rotating dogs, which mechanism may take various forms, and as illus trated is like the mechanism shown in the p at.- ent above referred to. This dogshiftingniechanism is, in the illustrated machine, opere ated, as in the patent, by a rod or bar mounted in the swing frame and pushed by one of the carriages as it moves along from; one end of the model (or block) to the other. In accordance With the present invention this bar, instead of heilig moved steadily after it is picked up by the carriage at the desired point (generally the ball portion of the last) lating member Will not return the dogs to normal position, and from then on, a progressive shift of the dogs is effected at the cutting of both top and bottom, but the accumulation of to shift built u) durin0` P l e,

the rst part of the .operation is retained. l

The mechanism, as shown also in the patent, is provided with a lost motion device, which stops the dog shift when a certain point has been reached, though permitting further onward movement of the operating bar. In accordance with the present invention this mechanism comes into action iirst as the top of thel last is being cut, when the oscillating driving member is most advanced, and stops the top shift; and some time later When the driving carriage has advancedsuficiently for the retracted position of the oscillating member to have reached the advanced position corresponding to the stoppage of the top shift, the shifting at the bottom also stops completely.

The effect of this is as discussed above. The oscillating member picks up the operating bar at the point Where the toe begins its curve up into the instep, and pushes it farther and farther with each revolution, returning it to normal position at the .bottoni of they last. This drops the top of the last, leaving he bottom unaffected, until the ball is reached, when top and bottom drop together, for a time. During this iirst interval, the transverse, vertical laminas 1which are repron dlled, One by one at each revolution, are distorted progressively more and more, by haring their tops dropped progressively. After the ball is pass-ed this accumulated distortion is preserved unchanged, as the top and bottom drop together. Later, before the end of the shank portion of the last is reached, the top shift StOps and the bottom shift continues, until the distortion has been progressively eliminated when the end ofthe shank has been reached.

Thus the dropping of the top and bottom profiles begins on the top in front of the place, Where it begins on the bottom, and a girth measurement taken in an upwardly forwardly sloping plane will encircle points which have been dropped to approximately the same degree.

In another Way of looking at the matter,

the dogs start oscillating heigntwise of the model when the point is reached at which the top of the model begins to curve upward into the instep, and the amplitude of oscillation becomes progressively greater until the ball is reached, the dogs returning to normal posi-` tion during each oscillation. After the ball is reached, the amplitude of oscillation remains at the maximum already built up, but the region over which the oscillation takes place keeps on shifting progressively. Then the amplitude of oscillation gradually7 diminishes, the dogs returning to their extreme shifted position during each oscillation.

In a broad aspect the invention comprises mechanism for oscillating one of the primary instrumentalities of the pattern copying ma chine, in addition to its normal reproducing movement. Preferably, mechanism is provided for progressively varying the amplitude of oscillation and for progressively shifting the'range over which the oscillation takes place. In the illustrated machine the mean position of the oscillating instrumentality is moved progressively from its normal position, but one of its extreme positions remains` unchanged during the first part of the action of the mechanism, both extreme positions are progressively moved from normal position duringthe middle part of the action, and the other extreme position is maintained unchanged during the ending part of the action. These extreme positions correspond to the reproductions of points on the 4top and bottom of the model, respectively.

In another aspect the invention comprises mechanism for progressively distorting one side only of a series of differential elements, to effect a change in proile; preferably again, the mechanism is arranged to preserve the accumulated distortion over a succeeding series of elements, and to progressively eliminate it over a still later succeeding series of elen ments.

These and other features of the invention comprising certain combinations and arrangements of parts will be apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the entire machine;

Fig. 2 is' an enlarged front elevational detail, showing the beginning of the cut:

3 and 4 are a plan and elevation, re-

- 1' spectively, showing the condition of things of Fig. 3; and

Figs. 10, 11, 12 and 13 are illustrative dia.

grams.

rlhe illustrated machine is a last lathe of the Gilman type. It is provided with a main frame 10 having an upwardly extending frame 12 from which the swing frame 14 hangs on pivots at its upper end. The lower end of the swing frame khas two bars 16, carrying the mechanismfor holding and rotating the model 18 and block 20. The model follower carriage 22 and cutter carriage 24 slide along the top of the frame 10, and carry the model wheel 26 and cutter 28 respectively. These two carriages are connected by the length grading link 30 and lever 32, and the machine is provided withl a width grading mechanism 34 of the ordinary type. All of .this structure is well known.

rllhe model dogs 36 are rotated by the sprocket chain 38 and suitable gearing. They are mounted on spindles extending into housings 40, within which there are mechanisms for offsetting the dogs equally, heightwise of the model 18, from their mechanical axes of rotation, the oifset being indicated on a scale 41. These mechanisms are operatedv by a link 42 (Figs. 1 and 2) which, when adjusted off center on the arc 44 on the gear 46, pulls or pushes on av bar 48 as the gear 46 is oscillated by the rack bar 50, which slides in the swing frame,and is alwaysV pulled to the right by al spring 110 (Fig. 5) to .be later described. The'bar 48 .is connected tov the mechanisms in the housings 4() andv to a. rod 52 which slides in the swing frame with the bar 48. When the bar 48 moves to the left and right, `the dogs 86 move down and up. The rod 52 has adjustable stops 54 and 55 arranged to come up against an abutment (herein shown as a housing 40) to stop the movement of the link 42 at times.' At such` times the motion of the elements 44, 46 is taken up by a spring 56 which connects the link 42 to the arc 44 of the gear 46. All of this mechanism is shown and described in detail in Letters Patent No. 1,733,207, already referred to.

In the machine shown in the patent referred to rollers 90 mounted on the bar 88 is picked up by an arm 114 mounted on the model wheel carriage 18 as it slides along to the left in Fig. 1, and the bar 88 is continuously driven thereafter by themovement of,A

ceeds. Mounted in bearings in this castingV is a shaft 68l driven, at the'same angular rate as that .of the modehby a sprocket chain 70 and gears 72 through a clutch 78 (Fig. 8)'. A. barrel cam 7 4 with a cam slot 75 is splined on the shaft 68 and has a ring-shaped slot 5 7 6 in which nests a yoke 80 on a slide 82 (F ig. working in guides in the top of the casting 62. Thus this slide and the cam 74 move to the left or right together. `The slide 82 has a projecting part 84 (Figs. 8 and 6) and has its upper surface a guideway for a second slide 86, on which is mounted an arm 90 similar in construction and purpose to the arm 60 and arranged to run at times with its `left side against a wheel stop 92 clamped on the ybar 50. Mounted in'bearings in the projection 84 is a vertical rock shaft 94 (see particularly Figs. 6 and 9) with an arm 96 having a pin-and-slot connection at 98 with the slide 86, and another arm 100 with a roller 102 on its end running in the slot 7 5 of the barrel cam 74. Thus, as long the cam 74 is fixed longitudinally in posi ion in the casting 62, its rotation will oscillate the arm 96 and the second slide 86 with the bar 90. The cam 7 normally is so fixed, and the function of the slide 82 will ap ear later.

The cam slot 5, reckoning around the barrel, has about 181/2O of dwell at its leftmost point, operative when the top o-f the model is on the model wheel, followed by about 74 of drop, operative when the inside of the model is on the wheel, followed by about 180o of dwell, operative across the bottom of the model, and about 871/2O rise operative on the outside of the model. The throw of the arm 90 is about 11/2 inches and is to the left when the high point of the cam is operating and the top of the model is on the model wheel. This distance is greater than the distance BC @i (Figs. 10 and 11) (discussed later) in any model which will be ordinarily used in the machine. from right models may be taken care of by reversing the direction of the blank.

The connection between the arm 90 and the bar 50 is as follows. A sleeve 104 is slidable on the bar 50 and has a roller 106 on its lower side engaging the arm 90 on its right side. It has also rollers 108 running on the arm 90 to prevent its rotation on the bar 50. See Fig. 5. It is connected by a spring 110 to the block on which the wheel 92 is mounted. An adjustable stop 112 is mounted on the bar 50, and arranged to come against one abutment 114 d* on the swing frame at times, as will be seen. The spring 110 tends to pull the bar 50 to the right, to a position where its movement is stopped by the member 112, wheel 92 or roller 58, as will be seen.

Mechanism for avoiding undue stress on the machine is provided as follows. The main-frame bar 66 is provided with two sliding members 116, 118, the former of which is adjustable along the bar but is norvlnally fixed in position, and the latter of The matter of turning left lasts which is freely slidable along the'frame bar. Antifriction rollers 4120 and 121 are provided on these slides for contact with the rotating barrel ycam 74.v A` strong spring 122 connects the slides 116, 118, and tends to force the barrel cam 74 tothe left. The function of this structure will be explained below.

Suppose we are to cut a last larger than the model and wish to diminish the normal toespring. The stop 112 is set so that when itis in contact with the abutment 114 the arc 44 is symmetrical about a-horizontal diameter of the wheel 46, which brings the dogs 86 to neutral position. The stop 'may also be set so that when it rests against the housing 'Y the same result is attained. The model wheel carriage 22 is racked to the right. It carries with it the casting 62. The slide 82 is at this time held firmly against a stop surface 128 on the model wheel carriage 22 (see Figs. 2, 3 and 4) by the pull of the spring 122 acting from the fixed point 116, through the slide 118, roller 121, cam 74 and yoke 80, and all these elements Vare moved to the right with the model wheel carriage 22. The slide 86 and arm 90 are carried along also, the slide 86 being positively connected to the cam 74 by the crank lever 96, 94, 100. The arm 90, through the roller 106, sleeve 104 and spring 110, pulls the bar tothe right until the stop 112 contacts with the abutment 114, after which the spring 110 stretches to permit the rest of the movement of the carriage 22 (see Fig. 4). The model 18 is then turned over with its upper surface to the model wheel 26. This turns the cam 7 5 so as t-o throw the roller 102, pin 98, slide 86, and arm 90 to their ex.- treme leftmost positions, as far as the cam is concerned. The carriage 22 is then racked to the left until the model wheel 26 comes to the section B of the model (Fig. 10). The wheel 92 is then set up to the arm 90 and clamped to the bar 50. The model is then turned over a half revolution, with its bottom to the model wheel, which reverses the position of the cam 74 and moves the bar90 to its rightmost position as governed by the cam and the carriage 22 is racked to the left until the model wheel comes to the point C, at the bottom of the ball. Since the throw of the arm 90 is greater than the distance BC, the arm 90 will not now be in contact with the wheel stop 92. and the stop 112 will still lie against the abutment 114 at this time. The wheel 58 is then set up against the arm and clamped to the bar 50. The carriage 22 is then racked again to the left until the model wheel comes to the section D of the model, substantially at the heel breast portion, or end of the shank. Up to this time all parts carried by the casting 62 have moved to the left with the carriage 22, under the pull of the spring 122. Then slide 116 is now moved so that the roller 120 willcome against the cam cylinder 74, and is clamped to the frame bar 66. This will stop the cam cylinder 74 and slide 82 at the section D. The desired drop required betweenthe ball and heel breast is now set into the machine by moving the arm 42 down on the are 44 to such a position as will drop the dogs 36 the proper amount as shown on the scale 41. The stop 54 is then moved upto the housing and clamped on the rod 52. The carriages are then racked to the right again,` and the cutting begins.

The machine then operates as follows. The cutting is started at the point A at the toe end and proceeds from there to the section B just the same as in ordinary last cutting.

' The cam 75 causes the arm 90 to oscillate, but

causes no movement of the bar 50, the oscillation being all taken up by the spring 110. When the section B is reached by the model wheel the arm 90 will just touch the Wheel 92 .e at the leftmost extremity of its movement when the upper surface of the model .is on the model wheel. As the carriages 22 and 24 are driven to the left, the wheel stop92 and rod are given oscillations of continually increasing amplitude separated' by dwells of continually decreasing. lengths. This pulls the model more and more downward (heightwise of itself) when the top of the model is on the model'wheel, and restores it to normal "if position when its bottom is on the. model wheel, during the dwells.l This will cause the cutter to cut deeper than inordinary last cutting on the top of the block and to cut to ordinary depth on the bottom. rlhe result is indicated by the dotted line in Fig.

10 between the sections B and C. The top of the last being cut is dropped, but the bottom is not interfered with.

This goes on untilthe `section C is reached. The throw of the cam 75 is so great that, until the section C is reached, thestop 112 will always come back to the abutment 114 on the rightward movement of the bar 50. When the section (l is reached the arm just touches the wheel 58 when the wheel is in its continuously and is pushed farther and farther to the left when the top of the model is on the model wheel, and also when the bottom of the model is on the wheel.

This matter may be made clearer by reference to Figs. 12 and 13. Suppose the dis'- tance BC is 1 inch, and that the distance between the arms 60 and 90 varies between a inches and a-I- 11/2 inches, due to the oscillation. (lt should be remembered that the carriage 22 andthe casting 62 have all this time been moving as one piece, under the pull of the spring 122.) The leftmost and rightT most positions of the arm 90 are shown at 90 and 90', respectively, in both figures. Fig. 12 represents the condition of things at the setting of the wheel 92 (model wheel at section B), and Fig. 13, at the setting of the wheel 58 (model wheel at section C) .1 Looking at Fig. 13, it will bel clear thatl at the section C, the arm 90, starting a cycle at 90', will have 1A), inch lost motion from 90 to the left, will then strike the wheel stop 92 and move it 1 inch=BC to the left, will then let it come back 1 inch (at which time the wheel 58 will contact with the arm 60), and thek arm 90 will then move idly 1/2 inch to 90 again, thus ending the cycle. The total throw of the bar 50 will be 1 inch=BC,and as the c-arriage 22 feeds to the left, this will continue to be true. The bar 50 will oscillate through the distance 1.inch=BC, and the vphysical range of oscillation will shift continually further to the left as the carriage 22 moves to the left. Thus, the top and bottom of the last being cut will continue to drop, and to drop equally.

This continues until a section E is reached, located Vsuch that EDrBC. It will be remembered that the stop 54 has been set to the wheel, the stop 54, which so far has fol-V lowed the movement of the bar 50,will contact with the housing40 when the top of the model goes over the wheel at a section distant BC to the right of the section D, that is, atthe section E. This causes the drop at the top of the last to stop at E, while that at the bottoml continues tothe section D, beyond which the stop 54 remains against the housing during the whole rotative cycle. In passing fromV section E to D the amplitude of the oscillation of the .dogs gradually de,-v

creases and, at section D, ceases. Thereafter the model dogs remain motionless on their slides and the heel part EF is reproduced regularly, but in a position dropped by the dog shift due to the traverse CD, or BE.

Nothing has yet been said about the func-` tion of the roller 120 which contacts with the cam barrel 7 4 at the section D, and about that of the slide82., These parts have no theoretically necessary function. lf they did not act as'described, and hold the barrel cam; againstfurther leftward' movement after the section D haswbeen reached, causing the carriage 22 to move away from the slide 82, the bar 50 would keep on oscillating farther and farther to the left as'the cam'74 followed the carriage 22, and the spring '56 would be stretched more and more. Inasmuch as the isc ` longitudinal bottom line of the model.

the bottom of the last, progressively from the section. C to the sectionA D, This is illus trated in Fig. ll, the upper line 124 in which represents the positions of the model dogs during the reproductions of points on tle longitudinal top line of the model, and the line 126 Yin which represents their positions during the reproductions of points on the hns, the top and botto-in profiles of the are changed in the same Way over certain equal ranges, BE at the top and CD at the bottom.;7 but these ranges are offset from earch other :on the top and bottom, relatively to the longitudinal axis of the last. it Will be obvious that vthe vertical transverse laminze ot the last will be flattened progressively more and more at their tops from B to C, that this distorti'on is maintained unchanged from 'C to E, and that the distortion is progressively eliminated Vfrom E to D, by dropping the bottoms of the laminee. 'The heel DF will then be reproduced in normal shape, but

dropped belov;T normal position by the amounts indicated on the lines 124, 1:26.

For the reverseoperation of cutting last smaller than the model and increasing the toe spring, the bar is set to the other side of the center of the Wheel 46, and the stop i555 is used.

Having described my invention, what l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 'of the United States is:

l.' That improvement' in methods of reproducing solid models which consists in reproducing the model in the Work piece, lamina by lamina, and progressivelydistort ing corresponding portions of a selected series of laminas.

2. lhat improvement 5in methods of reproducing solid models Which consists in reproducing the model in the workpiece, lamina 'by lamina, and progressively displacing corresponding parts only .of the peripheries of .a

selected series of laminas.

o. That improvement -1n methods of reproducing solid modelsA which consists in reproducing the model in 4the vWork piece,

lamina by lamina, and vprogressively displacing portions of `the peripheries 'of a selected series of laminas, such portions lying Yon one and the saine side :only of the tvorl piece,

whereby a progressive distortion is buil-t 11i-p on one side of the vvork piece, in the selected series of lammae.

4. That improvement in methods of re-i` producing solid models which consists in reproducing the model 1n the Work piece, lamina by lamina, and progressively displacing vportions of the peripheries of a selected V Vone side "onlyo the Werl: piece,in parallel directions, which directions lie in the planes of the lamina to `which they belong,'then progressively displacing those parts of the peripherie's of a succeeding series of laininee, lying on the same said side and also the opposite side of the Work piece, in the same di'- rection, but by the same amounts, in each lamina. y Y y o v f6, VvThat improvement in methods .of re# producing solid models which consists in reproducingV the model in th-e WorkV piece, lamina by lamina, While progressively displacing tliose parts of the peripheries `of aV selected series of laminee Which parts lie on one side only of the Work piece, parallel directions, lying in the planes ot 'the lamina to'wfhicli they belong, then progressively displacing 'tho'se )parts of the peripheries of a succeeding seri-es of laminas, lying on the same said side and also on the opposite side of vvthe bl-o'cl, in tlife'saine direction, but bythe saine amounts, in each lamina, .and then progressively displacing ose parts lof the peripheries .of a succeed-ing` series of lam nac, such parts lying on the said opposite -sidegof the wor-lr piece, only, in the sam-e direction.

7. That improvem vt in manufacturing lasts with corrected profiles which consists in reproducing, in a last block, 'a rseries of parallel mod-el .laminae, one after the other, and progressively displacing heightwise 'ot the last, :the upper edges only oi such laminze from a point lying substantially forward of the ball portion, to the 'ball,f then progressively displacing both `theY upper 'd and lower edges of -a succeeding series ci laminas in the same direction, but by equal amounts in each lamina, .and then progressively displacing kthe lowered-ges only kor a succes-df" ing series Voi .-laminae, in the same direction, whereby the .top and bottom proliles of the last are similarly displacechthe top displaced region lying, as a whole, in advance of the bottom displaced region.

8. hat improvement in manufacturing lasts which consists in reproducing, in a last shift of the top profile beginning earlier in Eil the reproduction than the shift of the bottom profile, as the reproduction proceeds from one end of the last to the other.

9. rhat improvement in manufacturing lasts which consists in reproducing, in a last block, series of parallel model laminas in succession, while progressively shifting the top and bottom profiles of the last produced, in a direction heightwise of the last, the shift of the top profile beginning earlier in the reproduction than the shift of the bottom profile and ending earlier in the reproduction than the shift of the bottom profile, as the reproduction proceeds from one end of the last to the other.

l0. ln a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, namely,

model holder, a work holder, and a follower and a tool, grading mechanism in` erconnecting them for effecting normally eometrically similar relative movements bewecn the model holder and the follower, and 1etween the work holder and the tool, respectively, and mechanism for effecting substanially unequal gcometrically dissimilar relative movements between the members of the said pairs of primary instrumentalities, during the reproductions of two opposite portions of the periphery of a lamina ofthe model.

ll. ln a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holdera model follower and a tool, grading mechanism interconnecting them for effecting normally geometrically similar relative movements between the model holder and the follower, and between the work holder and the tool, respectively, to reprocuce a model in successive parallel laminas, and mechanism for effecting additional relative movements between two of the primary instrumentalities in one direction, operated by a relative movement between ofthe primary instrumentalities in a perpendicular direction, lsaid mechanism being operable during the reproduction of selected parts of opposite portions of the periphery of the model, said parts lying at most only partially opposite each other.

l2. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model r, a worlr holder, a model follower and a y ding mechanism interconnecting effecting normally geometrically .1, Anilar relative movements `between the model` holder and the follower, and between modelv the work holder and the tool, respectively, to reproduce a model progressively in parallel laminas, and mechanism for effecting additional relative movements between two of the primary instrumentalities in one direction, operated by a relative movement between two of the primary instrumentalities in a perpendicular direction, said mechanism being operable during the reproduction of a selected portion of the periphery of the model and inoperative d ng the reproduction of the op- In a machine for copying solid objects means for holding and rotating a model and a work piece, a model followerr and a tool, grading mechanism interconnecting` them Afor causing relative movements between them in pairs to effect normally pantographic reproduction of differential elementsv of the model in the work piece, andy mechanism comprising an offsetting device operable, over predetermined portions of the reproduction, to distort one side only of such reproduced differential elements in the work.

14. ln a 'machine for copying solid objects, means for holding and rotating a model and workpiece, a model follower and a tool, grading/mechanism interconnecting them for causing relative movements between them in pairs to'effect normally pantographic reproduction of differential elements of the model in the work piece, and means for displacing one of said holding and rotating means from normal position operable, over predetermined portions of the reproduction, toV distort progressively and increasingly one side only'of such reproduced differential elements in the work. i

l5. In a machine for copying solid objects, means for holding and rotating a model and a worlr piece, a model follower and atool,

grading mechanism interconnecting themk for causing relative movements between them in pairs to effect normally pantographic rei production of differential elements of the model in the work piece, and mechanism opy erable during the reproduction of a predetermined portion of the model, to "distort one side only of successively reproduced differential elements lin the vworlr piece in a progressivelyincreasing manner, operable during the reproduction of a succeeding portion of the model to preserve the accumulates distortion, and operabler during the reproduction efaA still succeeding portion of the model, to progressively eliminate the accumulated distortion, of successively reproduced differential elements.

16. In a machine for copying solid objects, four primary 'instrumentalitiem vnamely, means for holding and rotating a model and a work piece, a model follower Vand a tool, grading mechanism interconnecting them for Vcausing relative movements between them in pairs to effect normally pantographic repro,

Y posite portion of the periphery of the model.V l v duc-tion of differential elements of the model in the worlr piece, mechanism for oscillatinov one of said'primary instrnmentalities, and controlling means for moving the mean position of the oscillating instrumentality progressively farther from its normal position during a portion of the reproduction.

17. ln a machine for copying solid objects, four primary instrumentalities, namely, means for holding and rotating a model and a work piece, a model follower and a tool, grading mechanism interconnecting them for causing relative movements between them in pairs to e'ect normally pantographic reproduction of differential elements of the model in the worlr piece, vmechanism for oscillating one of said primary instrumetalities, and controlling means for moving the mean position of the oscillating instrumentality progressively farther from its normal position dur- I ing a portion ofthe reproduction while maintaining the position of one extreme of the oscillatory movement unchanged.

18. In a machine for copying solid objects, four primary instrumentalities, namely, means for holding and rotating a model and a work piece, a model follower and a tool,

grading mechanism interconnecting them for causing relative movements between them in pairs to effect normally pantographic reproduction of differential elements of the model i-n the work piece, mechanism for oscillating one of said primary instriimentalities, and controlling meansv for moving the mean position ofthe oscillating instrumentality proone ofsaid primary instrumentalities, and

controlling means Yfor-moving the mean position of the oscillating instrumentality progressively 4farther from its normal position during a portion of the reproduction while maintaining the position of one extreme of the oscillatory movement unchanged during the beginning part .of the said portion Vand maintaining 'theposition of :the other eX- treme of the yosci-llatorymovement unchanged duringthe ending partof thesaid portion.

20. In a'machine forcopyingsolid objects, four primary instrnmentali ties, namely, means for `:holding and ,rotating a model :and a workpiece, a .model follower land a tool,

grading mechanism interconnecting them for causing relative movements between them in pairs to effect normally pantographic reproduction of differential ,elements of the model in the work piece, mechanism for .oscillating one of said primary instrumentalities, and controlling means for moving the mean position of the oscillating instrumentality progressively farther from its normal position during a portion of the reproduction while maintaining the position of one extreme of the oscillatory movement nnchanged during the beginning part of the `said portion yand maintaining the position of the other eX- treme of the oscillatory movement unchanged during the ending part of the said portion, both said extreme positions being progressively variable during the middle partof said portion.

21. In a machine for copying solid ob]ects, four primary instrumentalities, namely,

reproduction.

22. ln a machine for copying solid -`obgects, four primar-y mstrumentahties, namely,

means for holdin-g and rotating a model and a work piece, a model follower and a tool, grading mechanism interconnecting them for causing relative ,movements between them in pairs to effect normally pantographic reproduction off differential elements of Vthe model in the work piece, and mechanism for oscillating one of the said primary instrumcntalities in a direction transverse to the axis of rotation of lone ofthe said holding and rotatingmeans,ldnring a selected portion of the reproduction. A

23. In .a machine for copying solid obiects, four `primary instrnmentalities, namely, means for holding ond rotating a model and a work piece, la model follower and a tool, grading -mcchanism interconnecting them for causing ,relatiye movements between them in pairs to effect normally pantographic 'reproduction of differential elements Vof the :model v,in the work piece,. and mechanism for oscillating one ofthe said primary instrnmentalities in a direction transverse to the axis of rotation of one ofthe saidfholdingrand rotating means, during a selected portion of the reproduction, said mechanism comprising a dog shifting means on said axis, Vand a member mounted on one of said instru'mentalities for controlling the dog shifting means. Y

24C. `l'nfa machine forcopying solid'objects,

.means forholding and rotating a model and a work piece, a` model follower and a tool, grading mechanism-interconnecting them y for` causing relative movements between them in pairs to effect normally pantographic i'epro- .duction of differential elements of the model inthe work piece, one of saidV holding and rotating means being movabletransversely to its axis of rotatiomand a mechanisnifor oscillating said holding `and rotatingmeans transversely to its axis of rotation, to extreme positions which lie progressively more dis- .tant fromlthe axis of rotation as the repro.

and rotating .means being`- movable ,trans-rV versely toits. axis of rotation, and a'ymechanism foroscillating said holding and-"rotating means transversely-to itsgaxils of rota-j tion, to extreme positions which Alie progressively more distant fromnthe axis of rotation as the reproduction proceeds along the model, said mechanism comprising a dog shifting means on saidaxis, and a member ,mounted on one of said instrumentalities for controlling the dog shifting'meaiis. v i Y Y "26, In a machine for copying solid objects, means for holding and rotatingl a'niodel and aA work' piece,la model follower and a tool, grading mechanism interconnecting them for causing relative movements Ybetween them yin pairs to effect normally-pantographic reproduction of differential elements of the model in the workpiece, one ofsaid holding and rotating means being movable transversely lto its axis: of rotation, and al mechanisinforoscillating said holding androtating means transversely to its axisof rotation, toextreme positions which lie progressively more 'distant from the axis of rotation as the reproduction proceeds along the model, said mech anism comprising a dog shifting means on said axis, and a member mountedon one ofv said instrumentalities for controlling the dog shifting means, the perio'd'of oscillation of' the "oscillating member being equal to v the period ofrrotation of the model.

, In a machine for copyingsolid four primaryv instrumentalities, namely, means` forholding and rotating a-inodel and Y a workpiece,'a model follower anda tool,

grading mechanism interconnecting. them lfor causing relative movements .between them in pairs to effect normally pantographic vrepro- A' duction of differential elements of themodel in the work piece, one of said holding and rotating means being movabletransversely to `its axis of" rotation, and amechanism for oscillating said 'holding andv rotatingl ,means from its axis of rotation in substantially oonstant amplitudesbut to progressively greater distances, and back again toward the "saidy axis, as the reproductionproceedsalong the l model. ,i 1 i i y v i '28.- `In a machine forcopyingsolid objects,`

four primary. instrumentalities, namely,

means -lfor holding androtatingfa. model and a work piece, a modelV follower and a-t'ool,l

gradingmechanisin.interconnecting them ,forI

`causing relative movementsbetween them in" pairs .to effect normally pantographic Arepro-A duction` ofdifferentialelements'of the model in the workpiece, one of said holding androtating means being movable transversely; v.to its axis of rotation, and a mechanism for oscillating saidliolding ia-nd, rotating means `from its axis of'rotation in substantially constant amplitudes `but to progressively greater distances, and back again'toward the said axis, as the reproduction proceeds along the model, said mechanism `comprising a; dog

shifting means carrying said holdingrandrotatingV means, and an-oscillating member for( operating thedogshifting means, mountedon one of said primary instrumentalitiesiand arranged to be moved generally progressivelyy pastv anotherof said .primary instrumentalities. ,Y l ,g

29. Ina machine for copying solid ob]- ects, means for,holdingaiid rotating a ,m'odel and a workpiece, a model Afollower ,andla tool, grading mechanism interconnectingthem-for causing relative movements between themin pairs to effect normally pantograpliic reproduction oi' differential elements ofthe model -in the work piece, Yoneof said-,holdingfand rotating `means l being .[movablej transversely to its axis of rotation, and ainechanism, for ai oscillating said holding kand rotating vn n'eansl .from its v,axis of rotation to `progressively greater distances, andbaclr again toward the Vsaid' axis, 'as the reproduction proceeds along g the model, thefperiod ofos'cillationf being equal totherotation period ofthe model-g;

` Y 30. In amachine for copying solid objects, vmeans vfor holding and rotating a' model and a work piece, Va model follower anda tool,

arranged to be traversed past the said means, respectively, grading .mechanism interconneet-ing them for caiising`-relativel movements i between them in pairs to effect normally pan- `tographic reproduction -of "differential f elements of the-medellin the workpiece, onezof L* said holding'rand rotating means beingmovl able transversely toits axis ofrotatiomand a mechanism for oscillating saidholdingand rotating meansfroinfits axis of `rotationgto progressively greaterdistances, .andfbackff againtowardjthey said axis, yas the reproduc- L VtionY proceeds `along V'the model, lthe o period ofoscillation being equal togthe yrotationzpey Vriod4 of the model, said Qmechanism- JcomprisingV a i. member arrangedv .to `move with one Y 'of said traversing'instriimeiitalities and also to oscillate, and a vshifting means operated by said member. Y, 'f

f 31. In a machine for copying solid objects, VmeansV forholding and rotating a model and a work piece, a model follower and a tool,

grading mechanism interconnecting them for causing relative movements between them `in pairsjto elfect' normally pantographic i'e'- production of differential elements Lof Vthe Y model inthe Work piece, and mechanism for displacing one of the said holding and rotating means t-ransversely to its aXis 'of 'rotar i tion dnringthe'reproduction of'a portion of 'the model which liesfat one side only ofthev said axis'of rotation. Y f

32. In a pattern copying machine, fourr primaryV instriimentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, grading mechanism interconnecting them for effecting normally geometrically similar relative niovementsbetween the'niodel holder'and. the follower, and between the Work holder' and the tool,`respectively, and

mechanism for enecting afdisplacemeiit of onerof'the primary instrumentalities transverse to-ay certain line in the model, such displacements lcorresponding'to reproductions 'of portions of the model peripherywliich follow one another in the general direction vof the said Yline being progressively greater, and

being unequal to the displacements corresponding to reproductions of the model periphery lying. directlyV Vopposite the firsto named portions relatively to the said line'.

A Y V33. In ra Y pattern: copying machine, four e holder, a work holder, a `model follower and primary instrument-antics, namely, a model a tool, gradingmechanism interconnecting themfor* eifecting normally geometrically similar relative movements between the model holder andthefollower, and between the work holder and the tool, respectively, and

imechanism for effectingv aV displacement of one of the primary ,instrumentalities transverse to av certain line in the model, said dis-v placement-effecting mechanism being driven by the relative movement of the primary instriimentalitiesin the direction of the said line, andV thefdisplacements eifected being progressively greater asv the reproduction of *a pertionof the model periphery lying on oneiside of said lineproceeds generally in `thedirection* of the said'line, and said driving action being also effective during Vthe reproduction of a portion Of the 'periphery ofi-themodel lying on the other side'of the -said`liine, saidVsecond-najiri'edv V portion being not `wliolly directly opposite the first-:named Vportionrelatively `to the line;

"34; In a pattern copying machine, foiir Y primaryI instrnmen-talities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, 'a model follower .and 'a tool, grading mechanism interconnecting them` for 'Y veffecting normally geometrically fthe model.

similar relative movements lbetween 'the model holder and the follower, andbetween l 'the work holder and the tool, respectively,

and mechanism for effecting a'disr'ilaceni/ent0 of one of the primaryinstruinentalities trans'- verse to a certain line in the model, saiddisn placementLeffecting mechanism being driven by the relative movementl ofk the'primar'yrin'- strumentalitiesin vthe direction of the said line, andthe displacements 'effected being progressively greater as the reproduction of -a portion of the modelperiphery lying yon one side of said line proceeds Vgenerally inthe direction of thesaid line, and saidV driving action beingi'also effective during the reproduction of 'aportion of the'p'eriphery of the model lying onV the other side of the *said line, i

said second-namedV portion beingnot wholly Clirectlyopposite the -lirst-named portionV relatively to the line, "said inechanism'coinprising 'a dog shifting means and adrivingmember operated by the .movement of one of saidf primary instiuineiitalities'.

, 35, -In a machine for copyiiigsolid objects, model Vholding and 'rotating means, work holdingand rotating means, a model'follower carriage, a-tool carriage arranged lto yfeed past the two holding and rotatingfmeans, respectively, mecha-nism permitting displacement of one of the holding and rotating means transverse to its yaXisof rotation, and an oscillating member on one ofthe carriages arranged, whennioving in one direction, to displace the said holdingand rotating means,itsw1,(`)0 y motion in the othergdirection being accompanied by a jinovement of return of .thejholding vand rotating means. l

36. In a machine fory copying Vsolid;obit-iets,V i

model 'holding and rotating means, work holding and rotating means, a model follower carriage, a tool carriage arranged to feed past Vthe'two holding and rotating means, reiment vof onel of the holding `and rotating means transverse to its axis of rotation, 'an

vspectively, mechanism permitting displaceiic Y oscillatingmemberon oneof the'carriages Y e' arranged, when moving in onedirectiornto y displace the said holdinga-nd rotating mea-ns, its motion inthe other direction beiii-g acc'oin-,

transverse to itsaxis'of-rotatiomand an oscilrlating memberi'oln one' of the carriage-sar# ranged, whei'r moving one"Y direction, to d-i'sn A place tlies'aidholding yand rotating' means, its l moti-on .inthe other direction. being acconrfor copying'soliolobjects, i

the two holding"andvrotating means, r'espec- 'j I tively, mechanism permitting` 'displacement of one .or the raiding and r@meng- *ineenspanied by 4a movement of return of the holding and rotating means, the extremes ofdisplacementprogressively increasing jas the said carriage moves. v Y

38'.Ina machine for copying solid objects, model holding and rotating means, work holding and rotating means, amodel follower carriage, a tool carriage arranged to feed` pastthe two-holding and rotating means, re-

spectively, mechanism permitting displacement of one of the holding and rotating means transverse to its Vaxis of rotation, an

operating member arranged for oscillatory movement, andarranged to effect a displacevment-of the holding and rotating means when moved inone direction and return Ithereof-ltoward normal position when the member moves in the other direction, and an. Y oscillating member on one of the carriages arranged to vpick up and to'drive `the operating member ata certain time as it'moves .forward'in its oscillatory-cycle, its return 'movement being accompanied by a return ment .of one of 'the holdingA and rotatingl means'transverse to itsiaxisjoffrotation, `an operating member arranged for oscillatory movement vand arranged toieifect` a displacement of the holding and rotating means when moved in one direction and a return thereof toward normal position when movedin the Vother direction, an oscillating memberon one Vof the carriages arranged to pick up and to drive the operating member at a certain time iiifthe feeding movement of the carriageas it moves forward in its oscillatory"cycle,its return Vmovement being accompanied'` by a return movement of the operating member,

and to increase the amplitude of oscillation of the operating member progressively asthe carriage progresses, and means' for m'aintain-` f ing the said amplitude`unchanged when desired maximum has been reached.

40. In a machine for copying solid objects, model holding Qand rotating means,

Vwork holding and rotating means, a model follower carriage, a tool carriage arranged to feedpast the two holding and rotating d means, respectively,ymechanism permitting 60. "Y tion, an operating member arranged lfor oscillatory movement and varranged to effect displacement of one of the holding and rotating means transverse to its axis of rotaa displacement of the holding and rotating meanswhen moved in oneV ,directionV and aV return'thereof toward normal position when Vtially later in the reproduction thanA the moved in theother ,direction-,fan oscillating member on one of the 'carriages arranged'to f pick up andto driveV the'ope'ratingmember a at a certain time as'itmoves forward in its oscillatory cycle, its return movementb'eing accompanied vby a return movement-ofthe operatingl member, and theamplitude ofos-f cillation `ofthe operatingmember increasing progressively as the carriageprogresses, andv means for maintaining -'the' said ampli tude unchanged when adesired maximum has been reached, while increasing themeanfdistance of the holding and rotating means from A vitsLXisofrota'tion.- i I y 41; In a machine for"copyingsolidobjects,v model holding a'iidrotating means, fworkV holding and rotating means, a'model follower carriage, a tool vcarriagearranged to feed past the two holding and rotating' means, respectively, mechanism` permitting displacement of one 'of the holding and v'rotating'means transverse tol its aXisjof V'iotatioinan operating member arranged ffor' oscillatory` movement andarran'ged toveflfectV a"displacement of the holding-and rotating means vwhen moved ini one direction andfareturnthereof Y A toward normalposition whenmovedin the lother direction, an oscillatingimember'onfo'ne lof the carriagesarrang'ed tolpick up andto Y drive the operating memberf ata certain point of the reproduction 'asit movesforward in" 1 its` oscillatoryv cycle, its returnmovementfbei mg accompaniedby a"retiirn'f"movement of n the operating member, andV theamplitude of oscillation ofV the 'operatingl'member increasing progressively as tli'ecarriage'iprogresses, and means for vmaintaining -thesaid amplitudeunchanged when al desired maxi-v mum has been reached, said last-namedmeans comprising a memberixed on thesaid carriage arranged to arrestithe backward movement of the operating-memberL` y 42.' In amachine/for copying solidobjects',`

model holdingan'd rotating means," work holding and rotating means, a model follower carriage, a tool'carriage arranged-'to vfeed pastv thetwo holding and rotating'ineans, respectively-mechanism permitting displacementof one of the holding and lrotating meanstransverse -to its aXis-`ofrotation, 'an operating member arranged for loscillatory,"I'ri'ovement and arranged to"effecta.displacementfofthe i holding and rotating means wheni'iioved'siri' yone direction and a return thereof ,to'vifardnormal-position whenmove'd Vin the otherdirection, an oscillating member on :one ofthe carriages' arranged to pickup `an'dfto drive the operating memberat a certain infthe Y reproduction as it moves forward "in its oscil-` latory cycle, its returnmovement being@` ci l companied by a return movement :of the oper.- Y ating member,and a fixed member ontlie carriage arranged topiclr' .operating beron `its returnmovemeiitat'ja time Steef 7 said 4certain time,?whereby the; amplitude ofoscillation. ofthe operating member may be progressively increased from the said certain time to the-"said later-time, and held unchanged thereafter. i v v f j 43. In a machine for copying solid objects,

f model holding and rotating means, work holdingand rotating means, -a model follower carriage, a tool carriage arranged-to feed past the two holding and rotating-means, respectively, mechanism permitting displacement olf, one `of the Aholding and rotating means transverse toits axis of rotation, an operating member arranged for oscillatory movement' and arranged to effect -a displacement of the holding and ,rotating means when movedin one direction and a return thereof toward vnormal position when vmoved'in the otherdi- .rec-tion, yan oscillating member on one of the carriages ,arrangedv to kpick up and to drive the operating memberuat a certain time in the .reproduction as it move'sfforward in its oscillatory cycle, its return movement being compa-niedi by a return movement-.fof the operating member, and a-ixed member on the carfriage arranged tov pick up .the operating inember on its return -'movement at atime sub-' stantiallyflaterzin the reproduction than the said certain time, whereby the amplitude of oscillation vof the operating member may be' Y, the Vtwofholding and rotating means, respectively, mechanism permitting vdisplacement of onefof' the rholding and rotating means 'transversevto its aXis-ofrotation, an operat-v ing member .arranged Vfor oscillatory movement and arranged to effect a'. displacement of 'the holding and rotating means when :moved in onedirectionk and a returnthereof toward normal position when moved in the other direction, an oscillating member .on

one 0f the carriagesarranged to. pick up and to drive the operating member at a certain time in thereproduction as it moves forward Y in'its Aoscillatory cycle,its return movement being accompanied by a return movement of Vthe operating member, and a iiXed member l .naine to thisy specification.

isprogressively Vwithdrawn from the axis of rotation thereof, and means forinhibiting the effect of the forward` movement of the oscili lating member at a still later-time.'

45,111 -a, last lathe, a swing frame, model andlast block holding and 'rotating means,

a model follower carri-age, and a toolcari riage arranged to run past tlielholding and rotating means parallel tothe axes of rotation thereof, an offsettingdevice for moving one Vof the holding and yrotating means vfrom its axis of rotationin a direction heightwiser of the object held therein, ka bar movable arallel to the axis `of rotation of the s ai'd o 'sete able holding and rotating meansyand opera-y ltively connected to the offsetting de vice,twokk adjustable `spaced abutments lon saidlbar,

van oscillating member on one of the car-' riages lia-ving a movement-ofoscillation parallel tothe direction of movement .ofthe bar, and. arranged to kpick up onelof thesaid abutments at a predetermined time i-n the reproduction, the period of'oscillation of the j l'j member being equal to the period of ,rotation 7 of the holding and-rotating means, whereby the oscillating member produces,'in its-for ward movements, a series `of-forward move ments ofthe .bar of progressively increasing amplitude, means 4for producing-.a return y movement ofthe ,barA succeeding each "forlward movement thereof,k il second'member ,on one of the carriages arranged to pick up' Ythe second abutment on.. the bardiiring said return movement after av desired.` maximumv amplitudeoffmoveinent of the bar has been accumulated, and to preserve such'amplitude, while theregion of oscillation-of the oifsetting means departsprogressively from v i the saidaxis of rotation, and means for arresting .movement of the holding vand rotatios ingmeans,froinits aXisof rotation beyond .a 'predetermined rlimit on vits forward fmove- Y ment while permitting further progressive :movementfrom'the aX-is on the return movementawhereby the object in the holding and rrotating means is moved heightwise progressively over different predetermined-,aparts fof .the reproductions model.- v Y Intestimony whereof I have GEORGE r. RYAN.

of oppositesides ofthe t on the'carriage arrangedto pick up theoperating member on its returnk movement at a time substantially later in the reproduction than the said certain time, whereby the amplitude of oscillation of the operating `member maybe progressivelyincreased from. the said certain timetothe saidla'ter time, and 'held unchanged thereafter, while the A region of oscillation 'of theholding and rotating; means f signed my i115 l' 

